Abstract
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) supply accusation astir the relation of the outer hairsbreadth cells of the cochlea. In high-income countries, infants acquisition OAE tests arsenic portion of the screening protocols for hearing. However, the outgo of the indispensable instrumentality hinders aboriginal screening for proceeding successful low- and middle-income countries, which disproportionately carnivore the brunt of disabling proceeding loss. Here we study the plan and objective investigating of a low-cost probe for OAEs. The device, which has a worldly outgo of astir US$10, uses an off-the-shelf microphone and off-the-shelf earphones connected to a smartphone done a headphone jack. It sends 2 axenic tones done each of the headphone’s earbuds and algorithmically detects the distortion-product OAEs generated by the cochlea and recorded via the microphone. In a objective survey involving 201 paediatric ears crossed 3 healthcare sites, the instrumentality detected proceeding nonaccomplishment with 100% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity, comparable to the show of a commercialized device. Low-cost devices for OAE investigating whitethorn assistance the aboriginal detection of proceeding nonaccomplishment successful resource-constrained settings.
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Data availability
All information supporting the findings from this survey are disposable wrong the nonfiction and its Supplementary Information. The dataset utilized to make the results for this survey is disposable astatine https://github.com/uw-x/oae and https://zenodo.org/record/7032657 (ref. 48). Source data are provided with this paper.
Code availability
The customized codification utilized successful this survey is disposable astatine https://github.com/uw-x/oae and https://zenodo.org/record/7032657 (ref. 48).
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Acknowledgements
We convey our participants and their families astatine Seattle Children’s Hospital. We convey K. Sie, D. Horn and H. Ou astatine the Seattle Children’s Hospital and Research Institute for permitting america to enlistee patients from their clinics. We convey S. Norton for her captious and important feedback connected the manuscript and methods. N.A. discloses enactment for the probe described successful this survey from the National Institute connected Deafness and Other Communication Disorders grant T32DC000018. R.B. and S.G. disclose enactment for the probe described successful this survey from the Washington Research Foundation, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Research Integration Hub. S.G. discloses enactment for the probe described successful this survey from the Moore Inventor Fellow grant #10617.
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Competing interests
S.G., J.C. and R.B. are co-founders of Wavely Diagnostics, Inc. S.G. is simply a co-founder of Jeeva Wireless, Inc. and Sound Life Sciences. R.B. is simply a co-founder of EigenHealth, Inc. R.B. is simply a advisor and stockholder of Spiway, LLC. The different authors state nary competing interests.
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Chan, J., Ali, N., Najafi, A. et al. An off-the-shelf otoacoustic-emission probe for proceeding screening via a smartphone. Nat. Biomed. Eng (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-022-00947-6
Received: 08 November 2021
Accepted: 02 September 2022
Published: 31 October 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-022-00947-6
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