Class Notes: Housing assistance benefits, gender roles in Australia and more - Brookings Institution

This week successful Class Notes:

• Public lodging and lodging vouchers have affirmative effects for children’s semipermanent outcomes.
• Girls did amended successful school in 1940 erstwhile they had pistillate teachers.
• How enactment ratios successful Australia influence masculinity norms and societal outcomes.
• This week’s apical illustration shows that young and older workers were liable for overmuch of the occupation recovery post-Hurricane Maria.
• Shawna Young argues for much broad solutions to resoluteness the accidental embargo successful education in this month’s prime op-ed.

• Check retired our caller portion on the radical wealthiness spread and fiscal aid.
• For your calendar: an lawsuit on LGBTQ rights and nationalist policy, a speech on “Of Boys and Men,” and a treatment about COVID-19’s interaction connected Latino families.

Public lodging and lodging vouchers person affirmative effects for children’s semipermanent outcomes

How overmuch does lodging assistance for low-income families interaction long-run outcomes for children? In a caller paper, Henry Pollakowski and co-authors usage a nationalist longitudinal dataset to look astatine how children participating successful the Housing Choice Voucher programme (HCV) and the nationalist lodging strategy fared arsenic adults connected outcomes specified arsenic net and rates of incarceration. Using a household fixed effects specification methodology, they find that “additional years of nationalist lodging summation net by 6.2% for females and 6.1% for males, portion voucher-assisted lodging increases net by 4.8% for females and 2.7% for males.” They besides find that for children successful Black households, each further twelvemonth of HCV-assisted lodging reduced the likelihood of being incarcerated successful April 2010 by 0.3 percent points for males and 0.7 percent points for females.

Girls did amended successful schoolhouse successful 1940 erstwhile they had pistillate teachers

Previous lit has offered mixed grounds of pistillate teachers connected the world and employment outcomes of girls and young women. In a caller paper, David Card and co-authors look astatine the interaction of female teachers successful nationalist schools connected pistillate students successful 1940, focusing successful peculiar connected agrarian areas. This cohort of young women comprises of women who were much apt than erstwhile generations to be assemblage and interruption into formerly closed-off professions. The authors find that pistillate students had amended outcomes successful enrollment and people completion erstwhile taught by pistillate teachers, and that this was existent for some achromatic and Black students successful the segregated South. They estimate, for example, that a miss taught by lone pistillate teachers would person been astir 7 to 8 percent points much apt to be college.

How enactment ratios successful Australia power masculinity norms and societal outcomes

Norms astir sex roles and masculinity whitethorn power economical and taste trends. Using humanities information connected varying enactment ratios successful circumstantial areas of Australia, caused by differences successful convict populations successful the 18th and 19th centuries, Victoria Baranov and co-authors find that an summation successful the humanities enactment ratio of men is associated with a 5.6% summation successful the stock of men who volunteered for World War I. Areas that historically had a heavier antheral bias besides person much assaults, much intersexual assaults, higher rates of antheral suicide, higher rates of prostate cancer, and greater reluctances among men to get the COVID vaccine. These areas besides amusement little levels of enactment for same-sex matrimony and higher rates of boys being bullied successful school. The authors conclude: “We construe these results arsenic manifestations of masculinity norms that emerged owed to aggravated section male-male competition. Once established, masculinity norms persisted implicit clip done household socialization arsenic good arsenic adjacent socialization successful schools.”

Top chart: Job betterment post-Hurricane Maria driven by young and older workers

Last month, the Census Bureau released its first Quarterly Workforce Indicators for Puerto Rico, giving a much elaborate snapshot of the labour marketplace successful the territory. The information besides amusement that the employment betterment aft Hurricane Maria successful 2017 was largely driven by workers nether 25 and those implicit 44. Their investigation finds that full employment had recovered by the extremity of 2019, aft reaching its lowest constituent successful the archetypal 4th of 2018.

Choice opinion: Enrichment programs tin lone bash truthful overmuch to extremity systemic acquisition injustices

“Simply adding much wealth to schools is improbable to summation acquisition equity. We request to make policies astatine the section and nationalist levels that code the basal causes of the inequalities, similar the interaction of humanities redlining which purposely kept Black communities from having entree to the aforesaid resources arsenic achromatic communities,” writes Shawna Young successful The Hechinger Report.

Self-promotion: The radical wealthiness gap, fiscal aid, and assemblage access

In caller analysis, Phillip Levine and Dubravka Ritter examine the relation of the U.S. assemblage fiscal assistance strategy successful radical inequality. They amusement that the exclusion of location equity and status savings from the national look to find assistance results successful an implicit subsidy for achromatic families who clasp much of these uncounted assets.

For your calendar: LGBTQ rights and nationalist policy, ‘Of Boys and Men,’ and COVID-19’s interaction connected Latino families

Of Boys and Men: A speech with Richard V. Reeves

American Enterprise Institute

Thursday, October 27, 2022

11:00 AM – 12:15 PM EDT

Racial Foundations of Public Policy: LGBTQ Rights

University of Michigan Ford School, Center for Racial Justice

Thursday, October 27, 2022

4:00 PM – 5:15 PM EDT

The socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19 for Latino families

The Brookings Institution

Tuesday, October 19, 2022

3:30 PM – 5:30 PM EDT