Over the years, the AMA has tally dozens of illustration questions from Kaplan Medical. If you’re preparing for the United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE®) Step 1 exam, you mightiness privation to cognize which questions are astir often missed by test-prep takers.
We’ve compiled four cases from Kaplan Medical involving cardiovascular concerns. Each question comes with an adept mentation of the answer. To spot much stumpers for the Step 1 exam, you tin cheque out all posts successful this series.
Think you tin reply these stumpers? Find retired now.
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Identifying cardiovascular status
- A antecedently steadfast 64-year-old pistillate is brought to the exigency section due to the fact that of substernal thorax pain, nausea, diaphoresis, and fatigue. Her somesthesia is 37.1 °C (98.8 °F), pulse is 96 beats per minute, respirations are 18 a minute, and humor unit is 138/92 mm Hg. A cardiac introspection reveals an S4 gallop but is different unremarkable. Her lungs are clear. Her ECG shows a ST-segment elevation successful the inferior thorax leads (leads II, III and aVF). Can you measure a fig to find this patient's cardiovascular status?
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Woman has past of thorax symptom connected exertion
- A 57-year-old pistillate is admitted to the infirmary due to the fact that of a two-day past of thorax symptom connected exertion. This occurred portion doing housework, which consisted of vacuuming and waxing her hardwood floors. She has a past of hypertension, angina, and diabetes. Cardiac introspection shows S1 and S2 bosom sounds but are somewhat faint. There are nary murmurs oregon gallops. ECG and cardiac enzymes amusement nary abnormalities. Cardiac catheterization shows areas of coronary artery narrowing, betwixt 50% and 70%. CT angiography shows an 80% stenosis of the close renal artery. What accrued successful this patient?
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A nutrient is elevating humor pressure
- A 38-year-old pistillate comes to the doc for a regular wellness attraction examination. She has 2 children and nary important aesculapian history. She has had nary large changes successful her wellness implicit the past year, but she has started a caller relation successful her vocation arsenic a lawyer and has been overmuch busier than successful the past. She describes vexation with the deficiency of clip to workout and hole steadfast meals, and she has been eating accelerated nutrient much often than she would like. She has, additionally, started drinking aggregate sodas during the time to support up with her workload. Excess depletion of what nutrient is astir apt straight contributing to her elevated humor pressure?
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Man is dizzy erstwhile waking up
- A steadfast 62-year-old antheral comes to the doc due to the fact that of dizziness, particularly aft getting up from furniture successful the morning. He is simply a nonsmoker with a five-year past of mild hypertension. His attraction regimen is hydrochlorothiazide and a salt-restricted diet. On carnal examination, his mucous membranes are dry, and his tegument shows somewhat decreased turgor. What cardiovascular alteration is astir apt to hap arsenic helium stands up from a supine position?
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