Lithium batteries vs Lead Acid batteries - SAFETY4SEA - Safety4Sea

Lead Acid Batteries are mostly utilized onboard ships arsenic exigency powerfulness enactment units. However, lately a wide adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been noticed.

The word “lithium battery” refers to a household of batteries with antithetic chemistries. For the purposes of the unsafe goods regulations, these are separated into 2 types of batteries:

• Lithium metallic batteries incorporate metallic lithium and are chiefly non-rechargeable. They person lithium metallic oregon lithium compounds arsenic an anode. Included successful this radical are lithium alloy batteries. These batteries are utilized successful communal commercialized products (eg. Watches, calculators, cars etc)
• Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable, and lithium is lone contiguous successful the electrolyte successful the ionic form. Included successful the lithium-ion class are lithium polymer batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are mostly recovered successful products specified arsenic mobile telephones, laptop computers, tablets, powerfulness tools etc. This rechargeable benignant is besides utilized onboard ships.

Both lithium ion and pb acerb batteries usage aforesaid exertion to store and supply energy. The superior quality lies successful the worldly utilized arsenic cathode, anode, and electrolyte. In a lead-acid battery, pb is utilized arsenic the anode, and pb oxide is utilized arsenic a cathode. In a lithium-ion battery, c is utilized arsenic the anode, and lithium oxide is utilized arsenic the cathode.

Lead-acid batteries usage sulphuric acerb arsenic an electrolyte, and li-ion batteries usage lithium brackish arsenic an electrolyte. While discharging, ions travel from anode to cathode done the electrolyte, and the other absorption occurs portion charging.

Why lithium ion batteries

The reasons wherefore lithium ion batteries are gaining popularity and regenerate the pb acerb batteries connected committee ships (despite the information that they are much costly astatine archetypal purchasing) are many:

1. Lithium ion achieves an vigor density of 125-600+ Wh/L versus 50-90 Wh/L for pb acerb batteries. This means that for aforesaid vigor depletion a Lithium ion artillery whitethorn past 8-10 times longer than a pb acid.
2. The value and size of lithium batteries are overmuch little successful examination to lead-acid batteries with the aforesaid capacity.
3. Charging a lead-acid artillery tin instrumentality much than 10 hours, whereas lithium ion batteries tin instrumentality from 3 hours to arsenic small arsenic a fewer minutes to charge, depending connected the size of the battery. Lithium ion chemistries tin judge a faster complaint of current, charging quicker than batteries made with pb acid.
4. Depth of Discharge indicates the maximum vigor of a afloat charged artillery that tin beryllium utilized without recharging. Lithium batteries supply 85-100% of their stored capacity, careless of the complaint of discharge. Lead-acid batteries typically supply little usable vigor with higher rates of discharge adjacent to 50% only.
5. Lead-acid batteries are cheaper and are easier to instal erstwhile compared to Lithium-ion batteries. The terms of a lithium-ion artillery is 2 times higher than a lead-acid artillery with the aforesaid capacity. However, if idiosyncratic compares the beingness of the batteries, lithium-ion lasts longer than a lead-acid battery. Hence, lead-acid batteries are cheaper lone for short-term applications than lithium-ion batterie
6. Cycle beingness is the fig of charging and discharging cycles a artillery tin acquisition without compromising its performance. Usually, lithium-ion batteries person a rhythm beingness of 5000, and implicit discharge does not impact the beingness cycle. Whereas a lead-acid artillery lasts for 300 to 500 cycles. The implicit discharge of the lead-acid artillery importantly affects its beingness cycle.

Why pb acerb batteries

The lone country that pb acerb batteries execute amended than lithium ion batteries are acold climates. Low somesthesia tin origin important simplification to stored capacity. The lithium ion batteries are not delicate to capableness simplification nevertheless they whitethorn look occupation to recharging successful sub zero temperatures.

Risks and challenges

However, some types of batteries fell risks during usage. For example, successful some lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, overcharging whitethorn pb to an explosion. Furthermore, the sulfuric acerb successful the lead-acid artillery is highly corrosive, and determination is simply a accidental of leakage. If overcharged, hydrogen and oxygen gases whitethorn evolve, starring to an explosion. In lithium-ion batteries, determination are precocious chances for thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is the information that occurs erstwhile the vigor generated wrong the artillery exceeds the vigor dissipated to the surroundings. The thermal runaway besides has the imaginable to trigger a artillery explosion.

The usage of batteries connected committee is simply a regulatory request mostly for exigency reasons. The benignant of the artillery to beryllium utilized to comply with the requirements is simply a determination made by Ship Operators. In immoderate case, determination should beryllium an businesslike readying and appraisal weighting each factors related to artillery use, considering Safety, Purpose of use, Support, Performance and Cost.