The World Cup's archetypal impermanent stadium volition soon beryllium dismantled aft hosting 7 matches successful 2 weeks astatine Qatar 2022.
Stadium 974 - named aft Qatar's planetary dialling codification and the fig of shipping containers utilized successful its operation - was 1 of 7 grounds built for the tournament, portion an eighth was extensively redeveloped.
The full alloy operation of Stadium 974 tin beryllium repurposed for different World Cup oregon large sporting lawsuit arsenic either a venue of the aforesaid size oregon respective smaller facilities.
Qatar called the stadium its "beacon of sustainability" arsenic portion of its pledge to present the archetypal c neutral World Cup.
As good arsenic seven caller stadiums, Qatar has a caller airport, metro system, roads and astir 100 caller hotels - but has faced aggravated scrutiny and disapproval implicit the mode it has treated the tens of thousands of migrant workers utilized to physique the infrastructure.
So however sustainable is the Stadium 974 project? And wherever and erstwhile volition the stadium beryllium reused?
A glimpse of the future?
The 44,089-capacity Stadium 974 - connected Doha's waterfront - features a modular alloy framework and multicoloured shipping containers, which tin beryllium seen from extracurricular the stadium and location toilets and nutrient and portion stalls.
It was the lone stadium built for the World Cup without aerial conditioning, truthful hosted lone evening matches, culminating successful Brazil's last-16 triumph implicit South Korea connected 5 December.
The usage of shipping containers and recycled alloy helped trim discarded generated and operation clip compared to the different caller venues.
Qatar and designers Fenwick Iribarren Architects said they aimed to debar gathering a "white elephant" - a venue unused oregon seldom utilized aft a tournament, arsenic has proven the lawsuit pursuing the 3 erstwhile World Cups successful Russia, Brazil and South Africa.
Environmental watchdog radical Carbon Market Watch said if reusing existing dismountable structures could beryllium wide replicated, it could marque bidding for large sporting events "more accessible to processing countries" due to the fact that costs would beryllium shared betwixt respective countries hosting antithetic editions.
A study into Stadium 974 commissioned by Fifa and delivered by emanation simplification experts besides pointed to that benefit, and added it could let stadiums to beryllium built successful much cardinal and "easily accessible" locations, reducing "intra-city instrumentality travel" during tournaments.
Organisers person besides said they volition donate 170,000 seats from different stadiums to processing countries to effort to marque them much sustainable and debar them becoming underused successful future. However, Carbon Market Watch said "no factual plans could beryllium found" for the organisation of seats.
The assertion the Qatar World Cup volition beryllium c neutral has besides been described arsenic "dangerous and misleading" by environmentalists, who accidental the tourney could person a c footprint 3 times higher than stated.
- 500 flights regular formed uncertainty connected Qatar's greenish pledge
- World Cup 2022: How has Qatar treated overseas workers?
The value of reuse
Fifa's study compared the emissions produced by the gathering of Stadium 974 to the mean emissions of the 4 imperishable stadiums that person a akin capableness of 40,000-45,000.
It recovered the impermanent stadium "initially emits much c emissions owed to the usage of carbon-intensive materials specified arsenic metallic and steel" - arsenic opposed to chiefly factual successful imperishable stadiums - which allows it to beryllium dismantled and reassembled aggregate times.
So, arsenic it stands, Stadium 974 has a higher c footprint than the comparable imperishable stadiums built for Qatar 2022.
For the impermanent stadium to person a little full footprint than aggregate imperishable stadiums, Carbon Market Watch said it "depends connected however galore times, and however far, the stadium is transported and reassembled".
Fifa's survey assessed 3 antithetic scenarios for the aboriginal of Stadium 974, successful which it is reused once, doubly oregon 3 times successful a bid of differing locations.
It recovered if the impermanent stadium is reused lone once, it indispensable beryllium relocated "within a full oversea and roadworthy question region of 7,033km" to beryllium much "environmentally advantageous" than gathering 2 imperishable stadiums. It besides highlighted the biology benefits of the stadium being repurposed wrong the region, oregon specifically successful Qatar.
That maximum question fig rises to 40,118 km wide for 2 reuses and 72,616km for three.
All 3 scenarios were besides modelled connected the impermanent stadium spending 4 years successful the archetypal determination and successful each consequent location, earlier operating the remainder of a 60-year lifespan astatine its last destination.
Where is the stadium going?
No determination appears to person been made connected the aboriginal uses oregon locations of Stadium 974.
Carbon Market Watch said portion organisers person "highlighted the dismountable quality of the impermanent stadium, we could place nary circumstantial plans showing wherever the stadium volition beryllium moved, if astatine all".
There are reports that Stadium 974 could beryllium sent to Uruguay, which is acceptable to beryllium portion of a associated bid with Argentina, Chile and Paraguay for the 2030 World Cup.
Uruguay is astir 13,000km from Doha, truthful if the impermanent stadium is moved there, it would person to beryllium reused again successful a 3rd determination successful bid to beryllium much environmentally advantageous than gathering abstracted caller stadiums successful each place.
When asked astir aboriginal plans for Stadium 974 and immoderate imaginable locations, the organising committee said: "Qatar is connected way to present the archetypal c neutral Fifa World Cup.
"That means each infrastructure projects - including the 8 stadiums - indispensable conscionable stringent sustainability benchmarks.
"During their construction, we person recycled and reused wherever imaginable and implemented a immense scope of vigor and h2o ratio solutions. In addition, materials from sustainable sources were utilized and innovative bequest plans person been implemented to guarantee the tourney doesn't permission immoderate 'white elephants'."
- Obsessed with... SAS Rogue Heroes: Dive into the enactment down the scenes of the epic drama
- Match of the Day Top 10: The top World Cup Games ranked